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Structural Skew Topology and Field Structures
An independent research into structural hierarchies made from loops in torsion

By Don Briddell © March 2008
donbriddell@fieldstruture.org

Field structures (FS) have grown out of an interest in the form and structure of nature. Nature is viewed as a structural continuum from the extremely small where action begins at Planck length (1.6 × 10-35 meters, or 6.3 × 10-34 inches, or about 10-20 times the diameter of a proton), to the extremely large (the visible universe estimated to be 10 billion light years wide if our understanding of light is correct), which is questionable.

Within this vast expanse of structure lays a hierarchy of form arranged in succeeding reiterating platforms beginning with waves and to building particles, atoms, molecules, cells, etc., each of which makes possible a new potential for energy to organize, do more with less (energy) and develop complexity. Field Structure Theory (FST) conceives that at the simplest end of this action continuum is an action plenum having for us, the materially limited viewer, unique, properties that are at once marvelous and baffling. The action plenum as conceived by FST to be a matrix of action that does not seem to be restricted to the constraints of space/time. It defines what a moment in time and unit of space means for us. It is by nature omnipresent, omniscient, and omnipotent, a true aetheric plenum of action. Such an action plenum postulated, but never proven, is not normally embraced by mainstream science. It seems more metaphysical than physical and hence not within science’s sphere of concern.

This article picks up the trail of cause and effect where it first becomes inferable, at the quantum level. Since casual form cannot be “seen”, it is nonetheless provable by inference. All of Nature is factored by the quantum. The quantum unit of an action plenum in FST is conceived as a loop of action. When measured, the loop consistently turns out to have Planck dimensions of 1.6 × 10-35 meters. Nature builds the universe with an event of this size.

As the reader can imagine, conceiving the quantum as a loop has been debated in string theory. The idea that a quantum has a structure is not considered due to the prevailing conceptual blinders imposed on model building by The Uncertainty Principle, probabilities, and Wave Mechanics. FST has found a way around these perceptual difficulties. That way is the discovery that quantum structure is not limited to the quantum world. Structure can be replicated at any scale if the proper adjustments are made, adjustments Nature will impose for the model to work. This assertion will no doubt be controversial. It will be the task of FST to prove the validity of this statement. An experiment to show how the architecture of the quantum world, as modeled in this paper can be replicated at the human scale has been formulated and awaits funding.

This paper will develop the story of structure as follows:

• The action plenum produces a massless light wave.
• Light waves link to produce the photon particle.
• Photons interact to produce the neutrino.
• Neutrinos interact to produce electrons.
• Electrons interact to produce protons.

This hierarchy repeats itself fractally to produce the platforms of Nature, particle, atom, molecule, cell, etc. (Document continues...)

Structural Skew Topology (SST)

A geometric topology, three-dimensional linkages and knots, a new paradigm for the meaning and interpretation of structure and fields.

A new exploration into how loops of action link and knot to form three-dimensional hierarchies of structure producing a new family of topological form called FieldStructures.. SST investigates the meaning of structure finding that structure is a field property at all scales of experience suggesting that our difficulty with understanding Nature has been a systemic misunderstanding of structure. The field topology generated by fieldstructures is a fractal hierarchy of forms and structure that is paralleled by the forms found in Nature. A geometry where the allowable forms corresponds to the forms allowed by nature.

Nature has a specific form for each platform of structure (particle, atom, molecule, etc.). SST’s geometry has a corollary set of forms and platforms and none others.

Previous attempts to apply knots to particles and atoms failed. Structural Skew Topology (SST) predicts the known values of particle mass. SST organizes loops into a Sierpinski triangle fractal from which mass values can be derived. Particles evolve within the hierarchy. Physics traditionally has had to measured the mass of particles when separated from the hierarchy. Without knowing the mass values as they evolve in the hierarchy, it has not been obvious why the independent particles masses are what they are. SST first constructs the mass values in terms of loops in the hierarchy so that when the particles are removed from the hierarchy, their known mass values appear.

The structure of particles as explained by the Structural Skew Topology of Field Structure Theory producing a Particle Hierarchy Chart.

Field Structure Theory (FST)

Field Structures Theory employs Structural Skew Topology to account for the fundamental particles, explaining their mass & energy values and defining the hierarchy of particle architecture to produce higher Field Orders of form including atomic, molecular, cellular, organism and etc. Action loops at Planck scale arrange in a Sierpinski triangle fractal from which mass values can be derived. Particle mass values are measured and weighed outside of the natural hierarchy from which they are formed. Mass values inside the hierarchy are determined in terms of loops of action. When hierarchy decay occurs, the hierarchical loop numbers are subtracted to obtain mass values for the stand-alone particles. Without knowing the mass values of the particles IN the hierarchy, particle mass values on their own appear unrelated. Inside the hierarchy particles share energy and have greater mass. Outside the hierarchy they cannot sustain the higher energies and decay. The structure of both bosons and fermions are modeled and explained, along with the mechanics of energy exchanges. FST views particles as the product of interacting loops which produce fields in which particles arise. FST delineates the topology of the fields associated with each Field Order of mass. Energy bosons are twists of the action loops of the field while mass fermions are a count of the action loops (circuits) in the field. Loops are linked to twist in a fixed relationship accounting for the mass/energy relation in E=mc^2.

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